France international Pogba, 30, was randomly tested after Juventus' first match of the season on 20 August.
BBC Sport has been told Pogba will appeal against Italy's national anti-doping tribunal's (Nado) decision.
The failed drug test was confirmed by Nado in a second sample in October, and the anti-doping prosecutor's office had requested a four-year suspension.
The ruling means Pogba will be unable to play until 2027, when he will be 33, with the ban backdated to the date of the failed test.
